As cannabis becomes more widely legalized, both for medical and recreational use, many pet owners are left wondering about the effects of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive compound in cannabis, on their pets. Unfortunately, pets, especially dogs and cats, are particularly sensitive to THC, and accidental ingestion can lead to distressing symptoms and potentially dangerous health risks.
In this blog post, we’ll explore what you need to know about what happens when pets ingest THC, including the signs and symptoms of toxicity, and the steps you should take to ensure your furry friend’s well-being.
Understanding THC and Its Effects on Pets
THC is the compound in cannabis that produces the “high” sensation in humans. While humans can often tolerate moderate amounts of THC, pets (particularly dogs and cats) are much more sensitive to its effects. Pets, especially smaller animals, have fewer receptors for cannabinoids, meaning THC affects them much more severely. Unlike humans, who can process THC in their systems, pets tend to experience prolonged effects, and in many cases, the symptoms can be harmful.

THC Toxicity in Pets: A Serious Concern
When pets consume cannabis, whether it’s through edibles, marijuana flowers, or other THC-containing products, they can experience THC toxicity. Symptoms of this toxicity can range from mild to severe, depending on the amount ingested, the type of cannabis, and the pet’s size and breed.
While THC is not typically fatal for pets, it can cause serious health issues that require immediate attention. Knowing the signs and understanding what to do can help minimize the risks.
Signs and Symptoms of THC Toxicity in Pets
If your pet has ingested THC, it’s crucial to monitor them closely. Here are some of the common signs and symptoms of THC toxicity in pets:
1. Lethargy and Drowsiness
One of the most common signs of THC ingestion is lethargy or drowsiness. Your pet may appear excessively tired, sluggish, or unresponsive to your commands. In severe cases, they may have difficulty waking up or maintaining a normal level of consciousness.
2. Uncoordinated Movement (Ataxia)
Pets who have ingested THC may experience difficulty walking or maintaining balance. This lack of coordination, known as ataxia, can result in stumbling, swaying, or even falling over. You might notice that your pet seems disoriented or wobbly as they move around.
3. Dilated Pupils
THC can cause your pet’s pupils to become abnormally dilated (larger than usual). This is one of the most noticeable physical symptoms. If you observe that your pet’s eyes are wide and unresponsive to light, this could be a sign of THC poisoning.
4. Vomiting or Excessive Salivation
THC toxicity can upset your pet’s stomach, leading to vomiting or excessive drooling. Some pets may also foam at the mouth, which could be a sign that they’re feeling nauseous or distressed. If your pet is repeatedly vomiting or drooling more than usual, it’s essential to seek veterinary help.
5. Increased Heart Rate (Tachycardia)
In some cases, THC can cause an increase in heart rate, known as tachycardia. This can lead to restlessness, rapid breathing, or a racing heart. If you notice that your pet’s heart is beating much faster than normal, it could be a sign of THC toxicity.
6. Tremors or Seizures
In more severe cases, THC toxicity may lead to tremors or seizures. This is a critical sign that your pet’s system is overwhelmed by the substance, and it requires immediate medical attention. Seizures can be dangerous and should not be ignored.
7. Loss of Bladder Control
Pets who have consumed THC may also experience loss of bladder control. You might notice your pet urinating in places they normally wouldn’t. This can happen because THC affects the nervous system, leading to a lack of control over basic bodily functions.
Immediate Steps to Take If Your Pet Eats THC
If you suspect your pet has ingested THC, it’s important to act quickly to reduce the risk of harm. Here are the immediate steps you should take:
1. Stay Calm and Assess the Situation
It’s natural to feel panic when your pet is in distress, but staying calm is essential. First, assess the situation. Try to determine how much THC your pet may have consumed, what form it was in (edibles, flower, oil, etc.), and when it occurred. This information will be helpful when speaking with a veterinarian.
2. Contact Your Veterinarian or Animal Poison Control
Call your veterinarian immediately. If your regular vet is unavailable, contact an emergency animal clinic. You can also reach out to a pet poison control hotline for guidance. The ASPCA’s Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) is available 24/7 and can provide immediate assistance.
Provide them with all relevant information, including the type of cannabis product consumed, the estimated amount, and your pet’s size and breed. The veterinarian may ask you to bring your pet in for an evaluation or provide you with instructions for at-home care.
3. Do Not Induce Vomiting Without Veterinary Approval
While it may seem like a good idea to induce vomiting if your pet has eaten something toxic, this can sometimes do more harm than good. Some substances, including certain edibles, can be even more harmful when regurgitated. Always consult your vet before attempting to make your pet vomit.
4. Monitor Your Pet’s Condition
While waiting for veterinary guidance, keep a close eye on your pet. Monitor their symptoms and make sure they are safe and comfortable. Ensure they have a quiet, calm space to rest, and avoid any activity that could cause further stress or harm.
5. Follow Veterinary Instructions Carefully
Once you’ve consulted with a veterinarian, follow their instructions carefully. Depending on the severity of the situation, they may recommend treatments such as activated charcoal to limit THC absorption, intravenous fluids to keep your pet hydrated, or other supportive measures to help your pet recover.
Treatment Options for THC Toxicity in Pets
The treatment your veterinarian will provide will depend on how much THC your pet consumed and how severe their symptoms are. Here are some common treatment options:
1. Supportive Care
Most pets who have ingested THC will recover with supportive care. This includes keeping them hydrated, maintaining their temperature, and helping them feel comfortable as they process the THC. Your vet may administer fluids intravenously or subcutaneously to prevent dehydration.
2. Monitoring and Observation
In some cases, pets may need to stay in a veterinary clinic for monitoring. Vets may track vital signs such as heart rate, temperature, and respiratory rate, ensuring that the pet remains stable. This observation period allows the vet to address any emerging symptoms.
3. Activated Charcoal
If the ingestion occurred recently, your vet may recommend activated charcoal to help prevent the THC from being absorbed into your pet’s system. This treatment works by binding to the toxins in the stomach, preventing further absorption into the bloodstream.
4. Antiemetics and Sedatives
For pets showing signs of nausea or extreme anxiety, veterinarians may use antiemetic medications (to control vomiting) and sedatives (to calm your pet). This can help alleviate discomfort while the THC leaves their system.
Prevention Is Key
While THC toxicity can be managed, it’s always better to prevent an incident from happening in the first place. Keep all cannabis products securely stored away from pets, and educate other family members about the dangers of THC. With responsible cannabis use and safety precautions, you can help ensure your pet stays safe and healthy.
Conclusion
Accidental THC ingestion by pets is a serious concern, but with the right knowledge and preparation, you can respond appropriately and ensure your pet’s health. Always stay calm, act quickly, and consult your veterinarian if you suspect your pet has ingested cannabis. By understanding the symptoms and following the right treatment protocols, you can help your pet recover and prevent future incidents.